Ukrainian attacks have disrupted operations at nine of Russia’s 35 largest oil refineries since late
· Kirishi, Russia
Ukrainian attacks have disrupted operations at nine of Russia’s 35 largest oil refineries since late October. The affected facilities have a combined crude-processing capacity of approximately 300,000 tons, compared with Russia’s total refining capacity of around 930,000 tons per day. Russian refineries had been processing roughly 700,000 tons daily, but subsequent strikes may have reduced actual output by a further 200,000 tons. The affected facilities include refineries in Ryazan, Yaroslavl and the Volga region. On November 9, Ukraine also targeted the Kirishi refinery, Russia’s second-large